【ProAV Lab】introNDI#03 - Lumens' Guide to NDI|HX3
By Kieron Seth & Isaac Chen, Lumens
February 22, 2022 38442
- What is NDI|HX 3?
- What's the Difference Between HX2, HX3, and High Bandwidth?
- What is GOP?
- GOP Length in NDI|HX 3 Video Stream Encoding
- The Art of NDI|HX 3
- Does NDI 5 Support NDI|HX 3?
What is NDI|HX 3?
NDI®| version 3 (HX3) is the latest version of the NDI protocol. HX3 is expected to be the NDI format of choice for the vast majority of users in live events, live video production, AV, conference production, remote production, and streaming.
NDI® is a video-over-IP protocol that makes video streams sharable, visible and accessible over the network. It is popular for bi-directional audio-video transport and IP production. NDI is available in two main formats – NDI|HX and full NDI. NDI|HX employs H.264 or HEVC encoding/decoding to reduce bitrates significantly, so it is ideal when network bandwidth is limited, producing high-quality video streams at low data rates. NDI®|HX3 now delivers extremely high video quality with minimal latency. It achieves this at the cost of a slightly higher bandwidth – but still only a fraction of the headroom needed for full NDI.
What's the Difference Between HX2, HX3, and High Bandwidth?
While NDI|HX provides high-quality videos using efficient encoding algorithms, NDI High Bandwidth uses the full bandwidth to produce 125mb/s HD and 250mb/s UltraHD video streams. With the arrival of HX3, users requiring the ultimate video quality have a new option: NDI|HX3 produces visually lossless video, with very low latency. In picture quality and delay, it is now essentially indistinguishable latency from NDI High Bandwidth.
What is GOP?
HX3 employs GOP technology to deliver this step change in video quality. So, what is GOP? Compressed video streams consist of a consecutive series of GOP (groups of pictures). The GOP contains key-frames and inter-frames within encoded bitstreams. Key-frames (also known as I-frames) have the picture's complete information, describing all the frame's details. An inter-frame (p-frame or b-frame) only describes the part of a picture that has changed. That's how compression technology gets rid of redundant information and reduces the required bandwidth. In a nutshell, more keyframes mean more data and higher picture quality, while more inter-frames mean less data and a slight loss of video quality. As well as delivering higher image quality, keyframes require less computational processing, so the fewer inter-frames, the lower the latency.
GOP Length in NDI|HX 3 Video Stream Encoding
The distance between two keyframes determines the GOP length. For example, a GOP length of 30 means a keyframe is inserted every one second (when shooting at 30 frames per second). In ND|HX3, the GOP can be set to 1 or 2. By setting GOP to 1, only keyframes are produced. This gives maximum picture quality and very low latency.
NDI|HX3 delivers the perfect balance of bandwidth and quality. Previously, users appreciated the video quality of full NDI, but many networks were unable to cope with high data rates. Conversely, NDI|HX and NDI|HX2 were ideal in terms of bandwidth, but with a small sacrifice in terms of image quality. With the advent of version 3, NDI|HX is suitable for most modern IP networks, yet delivers superb video quality with minimal delay.
NDI 5 tools and applications offer users and administrators the ability to manage NDI networks, enhance creative workflows, monitor sources, control devices and connect users locally and remotely. The great news is that NDI 5 Tools can natively decode NDI|HX3, including NDI Bridge. NDI|HX3 is supported in the current NDI SDK, and an Advanced SDK for NDI|HX3 is available.
*NDI® is a registered trademark of the Vizrt Group.
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